The Cost of Domestic Violence

The economic and social cost of domestic violence in Australia is substantial and well-documented:

• KPMG (2016) — The Cost of Violence against Women and their Children in Australia: Estimated at $22 billion per year in 2015–16, projected to rise without intervention. Source
• AIHW (2023) — Family, domestic and sexual violence in Australia: On average, one woman is killed every nine days by a current or former partner. Source
• AIHW (2023) — Family, domestic and sexual violence among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women are hospitalised for family violence at a much higher rate than non-Indigenous women (AIHW analysis has reported a rate around 34 times higher). Source

Risk Assessment Methodology

NAISAR's scoring matrix draws on validated risk assessment tools and research:

• Duluth Model — The power and control wheel, developed by the Domestic Abuse Intervention Project, provides the foundational understanding of coercive control patterns.
• Common Risk Assessment Framework (CRAF) — Used in Victoria and other jurisdictions, CRAF provides a structured professional judgment approach that informs NAISAR's scoring categories.
• Campbell Danger Assessment — A validated tool for assessing lethality risk in intimate partner violence, informing the strangulation and weapon access criteria.
• ANROWS Research — Australia's National Research Organisation for Women's Safety (ANROWS) research on coercive control, victim vulnerability, and perpetrator behaviour informs the victim vulnerability and circumstantial escalation categories.

Technology and Monitoring

• Coronial inquests into domestic violence deaths — Notably the inquest into the deaths of Hannah Clarke and her children (Queensland, findings delivered 2022), which highlighted the need for real-time information sharing between police, courts, and support services.
• Electronic monitoring (international) — Overseas programmes, including UK Ministry of Justice electronic monitoring evaluations, have examined GPS monitoring of domestic violence offenders. Specific impact figures vary by evaluation and should be verified against the primary source before being relied upon.
• Australian Signals Directorate (ASD) — The Information Security Manual provides the security architecture baseline for the proposed NAISAR platform.

Legislative Foundation

• Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) — Provides the legal framework for family violence orders and child safety considerations.
• Crimes (Domestic and Personal Violence) Act 2007 (NSW) — Defines domestic violence offences and apprehended violence orders in New South Wales.
• Domestic and Family Violence Protection Act 2012 (Qld) — Queensland's framework for domestic violence protection orders and police powers.
• Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) — Governs the collection, use, and disclosure of personal information, including within the proposed NAISAR system.

Methodology Notes

Cost figures and projections in the Implementation Roadmap are indicative estimates based on:

• Comparable government IT programs (NDIS IT build, My Health Record)
• Bottom-up FTE and salary assumptions for technology development and staffing
• International benchmarking against similar integrated violence response systems

All figures are subject to parliamentary appropriation and detailed business case development.